Sludge generation is an important process during the process of water & wastewater treatment. Improper sludge handling can lead to major environmental implications, so these issues are critical and needs proper care. As a result of treatment process sludges can be organic or inorganic. Different types of sludges require different handling and treatment before it is fit for disposal as per client's requirement which sometimes is dictated by the environmental issues in their respective areas. Before the disposal, organic sludges may require further biological treatment after dewatering and drying. The organic sludges carry bacterias and dead organic matter so it is necessary. The uncontrolled decomposition of organic sludges may lead to unhygienic conditions. They spread diseases and odors so adequate treatment is needed prior to disposal of such organic sludge. The inorganic sludges that come out from water & wastewater treatment processes can be taken for disposal only after adequate treatment for any hazardous chemicals. The chemicals may pose environmental problems after disposal, such as groundwater contamination.

Types of Products

¤ Anaerobic Digester
Anaerobic Digester is avery common and frequently used method for treating organic sludges. These organic sludges usually result from the biological treatment of wastewaters by activated sludge processes. In this process the organic sludge is treated in the absence of oxygen. It reduces both the quantity and odor of sludges by breaking down the organic matter. The resultant sludge is highly rich in organic matter and nutrients that can improve the conditions of soil if applied as soil supplement. The cost of sludge dewatering and disposal can be reduced by reducing the sludge quantity. During the anaerobic treatment of organic sludges, bio-gas is generated that is rich in methane content. It can be used as an usuable source of energy in or outside the treatment plant requirement. Both these streams i.e. Digested sludge and bio-gas are withdrawn for further processing.

The primary component of the digestor is its tank where the sludge content is received and stored. The content of the tank is constantly mixed so that fresh sludge is uniformly mixed with already existing sludge inside the Digestor. The efficiency of the digestor is very much dependent on the efficient sludge mixing.

The Anaerobic Digestor tanks can be provided in different variations, such as in concrete and steel construction. Its covers can be either fixed or floating to meet client's specific requirement. Fixed covers can be provided in steel or concrete construction, while the floating covers will be in steel construction. The size of the digestor tank vary according to the requirement of the clients. The sizes can be upto 120' and above also.

¤ Digester Mixer
Digester mixers are used to mix the content of the digester tank efficiently and thoroughly. Different options are available including the Gas Mixing System. In these mixers the digestor contents are mixed through the bio-gas generated and recycled through adequately sized compressors. No bio gas is consumed during this process and still it achieves the most efficient operation for the digestion system. The gas mixing system includes several gas lances, which are installed all over the tank area and extend deep into the tank from the digestor tank roof. In the other option, the lances are placed directly on the floor of digestor tank and thus avoids the use of long lances. Both the options have their own advantages and drawbacks. We can provide most optimum solution for client's specific requirement. The bio-gas system is supplied with all fail safe equipments so that any type of accident could be avoided. There are chances of leakage of bio-gas around the digestion area.

We also provide a comprehensive range of mechanical mixers for the digestors. They are mounted on the top of the digestor tank roof. Depending upon the client's requirement, these mixers can be single or multiple on a single digestion tank.

¤ Belt Filter Press
One of the most efficient sludge dewatering unit is Belt Filter Press (BFP) of US Filter. It can be applied through organic and inorganic sludges to attain the required results at least operating cost. BFP is able to handle very lean sludges. An independent gravity drainage deck is provided to pre-thicken the sludge prior to its entry into the main BFP sections. The sludge dewatering is achieved by bringing the sludge between the two moving belts. The belts moves on the varying sizes of rollers keeping belts under tension through hydraulic cylinder system. It results in squeezing out the liquid that is trapped between the solids and then it is withdrawn isolately through the filtrate trays. Prper arrangement is provided for auto belt tracking, which makes the system operator friendly.

Depending upon the job requirement, the belt presses can be supplied in carbon steel or stainless steel construction. These units can be supplied in 1 M, 1.5 M & 2 M belt widths & above.

¤ Rotary Vacuum Drum Filter (RVDF)
Rotary vacuum drum filter is one of the most frequently used practices in the industry that provides the dewatering of all kinds of sludge and at the least capital cost. Due to the deployment of vacuum pump these units consume higher power, even then these units are preferred. Their main advantages are their low cost maintenance in case of any machine problems. The RVDF units can be supplied in different sizes upto 1000 sq.ft. filtration area each unit. The dewatered solid discharge mechanism can be provided in different configurations depending upon the type of sludge. They are Belt Discharge, Knife Discharge, String Discharge, etc. To fulfill particular application requirement they can also be provided in carbon steel and stainless steel construction. The RVDF is supplied complete with filtrate receiver, moisture trap and other accessories like Pumps, Vacuum Pumps, Blowers etc.

¤ Gravity Thickener
Gravity Thickener units are provided in carbon steel or stainless steel construction. They are mechanically similar to centre driven clarifier described in the clarification section. The main difference is the deployment of higher torque drive head in view of higher sludge to be handled by the rake assembly. These units can be supplied in sizes upto 120 ft. and above also and





¤ Dissolved Air Flotation Thickener (DAFT)
Dissolved Air Flotation Thickener (DAFT) is used for sludge thickening specially prior to digestor tank. The sludge is separated by floating it through the dissolved air flotation process. The inert grits settle down at the bottom which are removed separately. It has the advantage that it separates inert grit from the organic solids before entering the Digestors. The inert grit accumulates inside the digestor and reduces the available volume over time and need to be cleaned from the tank time to time. It can be averted by deploying DAFT prior to the digestor tank. The prominent features of this unit is similar to DAF Separator which has been described in the separate section.

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